FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES FOR BIOMASS USE IN AUTONOMOUS HEAT POWER COMPLEXES OF KALININGRAD REGION

Energy deficiency of Kaliningrad region compels to look for the ways of using non-traditional and renewable energy resources in the regional energy balance. One of the perspective resources is biomass which includes wood waste of forestry activity, solid domestic waste and combustible industrial refuse, wastes of animal husbandry, poultry breeding and plant growing and etc. Based on preliminary estimation, biofuel can replace more than 85,000 tons of equivalent fuel per year. Functional scheme of autonomous heat power complexes for Kaliningrad region was worked out Resource base of these complexes will be large-scale agroindustial enterprises, poultry factories, fur farms, timber enterprises and small individual fan11S. At such objects different organic waste materials of animal and plant origin will be subjected to ecological clean without waste processing with the production of biogas, natural fertilizers, heat energy and electricity. Combination of biogas units with wind energy turbines, solar collectors and heat pumps will allow complete application of traditional fuel and energy resources.


I INTRODUCTION
Energy deficiency of Kaliningrad region compels to look for the ways of using non-traditional and renewable energy sources (NRES) in the regional energy balance. Among a lot of NRES' kinds in existence energy of biomass, wind energy, energy of small rivers, solar energy and low potential sources of heat will be able to make its considerable contribution in the energy balance in our regional conditions. One of the potential renewable resources is biomass which includes wood waste from forestry activity, solid domestic waste and combustible industrial refuse, and wastes of animal husbandry, poultry breeding, fur fanning and plant growing. Based on preliminary estimation, biofuel can replace more than 85,000 tons of equivalent fuel per year [I] in Kaliningrad region. Combined biofuel with other kinds of NRES will increase this value. Russian research [2,3,4] and world practice [4,5] confinns it.

CATEGORIES OF OBJECTS
Creation of autonomous heat power complexes (AHC) [2,3] 1s presented. The transfonnation of NRES in different units and further use of received products has been realized. Such complexes need to be organized according to the objects which have large volume of organic waste materials, objects with potential ecological requirements and at autonomous objects (see Table I). The generalized scheme has been worked out for objects with AHC (see Figure I). This scheme shows the structure and different categories of these objects' basics functioning.
At present time, the needs of these objects in electricity (E), heat energy (H) and water (W) are supplied with traditional resources. Among these resources are buying electricity (BE), heat energy from centralized heat supply systems (CH), tap (TW) and artesian water (AW) and different fuels (F) such as black oil (FO), diesel fuel (FD), natural gas (FG), coal (FC) and peat (FP).
At the same time large-scale agroindustrial complexes, poultry factories and fur fanns have large volume of organic waste materials with animal and vegetable origin which can be transformed by anaerobic fermentation to biogas and natural fertilizers (NF) in bioenergy units (BEU) [6,7]. Combination of biogas units with wind energy turbines (WET), solar heating units (SHU) and heat pump units (HPU) will allow to completely refusing traditional fuel and energy resources' use at these objects.
Wood waste from forest economic activity of timber enterprises and of forest resources' use of logging enterprises and local population can be directly burned (DB) in bioenergy units or can be sold as pellets (PL) or briquettes after purification.
Solar heating units, wind energy turbines and heat pumps are possible to apply at sanatoriums, schools and other educational institutions, sport centers, shopping centers and public buildings. The joint using of biogas units, wind energy turbines, solar heater and heat pumps, completely autonomous water, fuel and energy supplying is possible at individual farms. A bioenergy unit will solve the problem of removal, disinfection and processing of organic waste materials forming at a fannstead. Biogas and pure liquid fertilizers will be produced during work of this unit. Biogas can be used for heating water for technological, own and domestic needs, for heating of living quarters and livestock barn, for cooking of meal and for preparation of feed to animals and poultry. A wind energy turbine will generate electricity for water raise from artesian well to fresh water tank and for satisfaction of the requirements of an individual farm. Solar heat and heat pump unit will be able to be applied for heat supply.  One equivalent head of cattle is an animal which secrete 55 kg per day of excrement. In order to calculate the average number of equivalent heads of cattle, proportions between quantity of excrement of different kind and age groups of animals were used [4,8]. Then all data was transfonned into the grouped sample by using of methods of mathematical statistics [9]. The relative frequency of livestock-breeding fanns' distribution on 18 grouping interval was detennined for this sample. The histogram of livestock' s distribution on regional livestock breeding farms was plotted by results of calculation (see Figure 2).

Distribution of animals on regional farms has wide limits. In this connection the whole of N,h data range need to divide into two parts. The first part consists of individual farms where number of animals doesn' t exceed I 00 equivalent heads. Distribution of livestock on 55
individual fanns is shown in the plotted histogram (see Figure 3).  Figure 4).

CONCLUSIONS
Definition of common potential of traditional energy resources substituted by means of comprehensive use of NRES at objects from Table 1 and estimation of economic efficiency of this operation is one of the most actual regional tasks. The program of calculation of technical-and-economic indexes of different regional objects with AHC for the structurally functional scheme presented in Figure 1 and for particular variants of this scheme is being carried out for solution of this task now.
The list of quantity and structure of regional objects with AHC have been detennined as starting material for future calculation. Laws of distribution and average numbers of characteristic static parameters have been defined by using of mathematical statistics. This is shown by the example of livestock-breeding farms.