The future of local waste material utilization in distributed energy production in Finland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15626/Eco-Tech.2005.007Keywords:
Waste to energy; Distributed energy systemsAbstract
A very small part of waste management has been carried out by incineration in Finland.
About 300 kt of waste is incinerated or burned with other fuels. Waste materials have been
used in energy production mostly as co-combustion fuels at several energy production plants.
The waste incineration directive of the European Union sets tight regulations for the emission
limits, their measurements, as well as for temperature and residence time conditions in the
furnace. The costs of solid recovered fuel (SRF) utilization will increase remarkably
especially in small heating plants because of these demands.
In this study we focus on the preconditions for the utilization of local waste materials in
distributed energy production. We introduce two different cases where a fuel produced from
local waste materials is used in small-scale energy production (<l 0 MW). The first case
includes an existing 3.5 MW district heating boiler which has used SRF with biofuels for
several years with good experiences and low emissions. The fraction of SRF is only about I 0
% of the total fuel. The second case is based on package and construction waste collected
from the economic area of about 75 000 people. It was assumed that the technology of the
new heating plant would not have to differ a lot from the modem biofuel-using plant because
of the good SRF quality. The amount of the waste-derived fuel is 10 000 Ua.
In the first case the continuation of the energy use of waste would cause at least a 38 % rise to
the waste management fee. In the second case the investment and operation costs could be
covered without a gate-fee if the owner of the plant (e.g. a sawmill) could save about 25
€/MWh (approximate price of heat for customer) in the purchase costs of heat for their own
consumption. If the plant could sell the heat to the district heating network with the price of
15.5 €/MWh, the gate-fee would be about 38 €/t at the break-even point, which is the same as
the gate-fee of the energy waste at the moment.
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References
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