Diverting toilet systems - quality of collected urine mixture compared to other organic fertilizers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15626/Eco-Tech.2001.032Abstract
Storstrnm County and A & B Backlund ApS are cooperating in four wastewater projects
running since 1998 concerning source control, diverting toilet technology and analysis of
collected human urine mixture and composted human faeces. Results from one of the projects
are presented in this paper. A & B Backlund ApS is working with further four national and
international projects and are planning for further projects. The projects are carried out in an
Action Plan administrated by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Danish
EPA is not responsibel for the conclusions or expressed views in the reports.
The collected user experiences in the Danish projects show that the diverting technology are
accepted in a housing area, is running very well in a public place and are even highly
appreciated in allotment gardens (even if further technical improvement should be made).
This paper presents contents of nutrients, heavy metals, organic compounds and
microorganisms found in urine mixture compared to findings in organic fertilizers used in
danish agriculture. The analysed urine mixture was of high quality.
No-mixing toilets, diverting toilets, separation toilets, composting toilets, biological toilets,
waterless urinals, wastewater treatment, ecological engineering, ecological sanitation, human
urine, human faeces, nutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, compost, sludge, manure,
anaerobicly processed biomass
Metrics
References
Agenda Center Albertslund, Pov) Markussen 2001: "Urinopsamling og -anvendelse Hyldespjaeldet". Ökologisk byfornyelse og spildevandsrensning nr. 10, Miljöstyrelsen 2001
Andersen, J. S., Hald, T 2001: "Risikovurdering ved anvendelse af vandingskanoner til udspredning af gylle fortyndet med vand". Miljöprojekt nr. 606, 200 I. Miljöstyrelsen.
Ansbaek, J., Vandmiljökontoret 1997: "Hvad er baeredygtig spildevandsrensning?" og "Eksempler pa baeredygtig spildevandsrensning" Art. i T JET PA Nr. 19 oktober 1997. Storströms Amt/TEKNIK OG MILJ0
Backlund, A. 2001: Udvidelse af vidensgrundlaget vedrnrende ...... (Manuscript to EPA report)
Backlund, A. m.fl. I 999: Spörgeskema til brug ved telefoninterviews med og besög hos projektdeltagere i M 226-0057.
Backlund, Am.fl .. 2001: Okologisk håndtering af urin og faekalier i kolonihaver ved hjaelp af kildesorterende toiletter. Manuscript to EPA report.
Backlund, A. 2001: Third individual progress report FAIR CT97-3947 "Biomass short rotation willow coppice fertilized with nutrient from municipal wastewater (BWCW). Ed. Stig Larsson in report with the same tittle.
Bendixen, H.J. et al. I 995: Smittstofreduktion i biomasse. Det veterinaere forsögsprogram i biogasfaellesanla:g, Bind I: Hovedrapport I 995. Landbrugs-og Fiskeriministeriet. Veterinaerdirektoratet
Bendixen, H.J. udateret; Hygiene Aspects Of Anaerobic Digestion Of Mixed Wastes. Requirements in Danish Biogas Plants.
Drangert, J.-0., Bew, J. Winblad, U. 1997: Ecological Alternatives In Sanitation. Proceedings from Sida Sanitation Workshop. Balingholm, Sweden 6 -9 August I 997. Publications on Water resources: No 9. Sida Swedish International development Cooperation Agency. Department for Natural Resources and the Environment. Stockholm. Sweden.
Eilersen, A.M., Magid J., Tjell J.C. 1998: Genanvendelse af affald på jord s. 493 -510 i "Affaldsteknologi". Ed. T.H. Christensen. Teknisk forlag. Köbenhavn.
Esrey, S.A., Gough, J., Rapaport, D., Sawyer, R., Simpson-Hebert, M., Vargas, J., Winblad, U. I 998: Ecological Sanitation. Sida. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. Stockholm. Sweden.
Holtze, A., Backlund, A.: Opsamling af urinblanding fra kildesorterende toiletter og et vandfrit urinal pa Museumsgarden. Manuscript to EPA report.
Höglund, C. 2001: Evaluation of microbial health risks associated with the reuse of source-separated human urine. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI). Department of Water and Environmental Microbiology. Stockholm. Sverige.
Jönsson, H., Vinnerås, B., Höglund, C., Stenström, T. A., Dalhammar, G., Kirchmann H. 2000: Kälsorterad humanurin i kretslopp. V A-FORSK RAPPORT 1/2000, Stockholm, Sverige.
Kolby, E., Jansen J.L.2001: "Udnyttelse af naeringssalte i urin pa Svanholm gods". Ökologisk byfornyelse og spildevandsrensning nr. 4. Milj0styrelsen 2001
Lange, J., Otterpohl, R. 1997: Abwasser -Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfiihigen Wasserwirtschaft. Donaueschingen-Pfohren. Tyskland.
Rex, Tue 2000: Et casestudie af urinopsamling og -udbringelse i Hyldespjaeldet. Institut for Planlaegning. DTU.
Vinnerås,B. 2001: Faecal separation and urine diversion for nutrient management of household biogradable waste and wastewater. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Agricultural Engineering. Report 244.
VKI -Vandkvalitetsinstituttet 1997: "Hygiejniske aspekter ved behandling og genanvendelse af organisk affald". Miljöprojekt nr. 351. Miljöstyrelsen.
Published
Issue
Section
